City Research Online

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Abarkan, I., Rabi, M., Ferreira, F. P. V. , Shamass, R. & Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979view all authors (2026). Lateral-torsional buckling of HSS I-beams: design, parameter and reliability analysis. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Structures and Buildings, 179(5), pp. 522-541. doi: 10.1680/jstbu.25.00076

Abbasi, H., Keshtkar, H. ORCID: 0000-0002-5886-4886, Kovacevic, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-8732-2242 , Buckney, D. & Stosic, N. ORCID: 0000-0001-8034-4046view all authors (2026). Review of Viable Rotor Coating Techniques for Water-Injected and Lubricated Screw Compressors. In: 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems. 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems, 8th - 15th September, City St George's, University of London, United Kingdom. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-04102-9_13

Almutairi, F. F. & Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979 (2026). Cyclic Response Characteristics of SCC Extended End-Plate Reduced Web Section (RWS) Connections. Buildings, 16(5), article number 1005. doi: 10.3390/buildings16051005

Ani, A. ORCID: 0000-0003-1039-7622, Nakka, R., Subhash, G. , Molinari, J-F. & Ponnusami, S. A. ORCID: 0000-0002-2143-8971view all authors (2026). Machine learning for computational fracture and damage mechanics— Status and perspectives. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 332, article number 111778. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111778

Antonaros, I. ORCID: 0009-0004-0502-1182 & Curran, R. ORCID: 0009-0008-4349-4449 (2026). Suborbital Spaceflight Regulation: A Case-Based Commentary on Managing Risk Beyond the Learning Period. Transactions on Aerospace Research, 2026(1), pp. 38-56. doi: 10.2478/tar-2026-0002

Araz, J. Y. ORCID: 0000-0001-8721-8042, Athanasakos, D., Ploskon, M. & Ringer, F.view all authors (2026). Graph theory inspired anomaly detection at the LHC. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2026(2), article number 254. doi: 10.1007/jhep02(2026)254

Araz, J. Y. ORCID: 0000-0001-8721-8042, Fuks, B. ORCID: 0000-0002-0041-0566, Goodsell, M. D. ORCID: 0000-0002-6000-9467 & Murphy, T. ORCID: 0000-0002-3215-9652view all authors (2026). Deciphering compressed electroweakino excesses with MadAnlysis 5. The European Physical Journal C, 86(5), article number 522. doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15710-3

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Cai, B., Wang, Y., Zhang, L. , Wang, L. & Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159view all authors (2026). Axial compressive capacity of volcanic scoria concrete-filled circular steel tube stub columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 239, article number 110233. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2026.110233

Cai, B., Xu, L., Wang, L. & Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159view all authors (2026). Multi-objective Optimization of Mix Proportion for Volcanic Scoria Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 20(1), article number 42. doi: 10.1186/s40069-026-00915-3

Cai, B., Zhou, R., Wang, L. & Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159view all authors (2026). Seismic performance of steel fiber reinforced coal gangue concrete beam‐column joints. Structural Concrete, 27(2), pp. 1899-1918. doi: 10.1002/suco.70217

Castro-Montano, M. ORCID: 0009-0009-0637-7961, Petros, A., Li, L. , Rahman, E., Hannam, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-6663-8224, Clow, G., Kyriacou, P. A. ORCID: 0000-0002-2868-485X, McLaughlin, J. & Qassem, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0730-3189view all authors (2026). Generalised oedema monitoring utilising a NIR hyperspectral camera in critically ill neonates: A feasibility study. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 115, article number 109444. doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2025.109444

Chacko, D., Nath, I. ORCID: 0000-0002-2996-7501 & Jana, A. K. (2026). Artificial Intelligence in Migration: From forecasting displacements to automating asylum adjudication. International Journal of Computer Applications, 187(76), pp. 7-13. doi: 10.5120/ijca2026926316

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Damianos, S. ORCID: 0009-0007-9555-6720, Papoutsakis, A., Karathanassis, I. K. ORCID: 0000-0001-9025-2866 & Gavaises, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0874-8534view all authors (2026). Effect of gas nuclei on the primary stage of shock–droplet interaction. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 194, article number 105478. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105478

Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115, Davies, M. C. R., Stallebrass, S. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3747-9524 , Gorasia, J. & Zamara, K.view all authors (2026). Volume change observations from giant direct shear box tests on recycled 6F5 aggregates. Paper presented at the 21st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14-19 Jun 2026, Vienna, Austria.

Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115, Sabaliauskaite, G., McNamara, A. M. ORCID: 0000-0002-3452-0800 & Stallebrass, S. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3747-9524view all authors (2026). Shear box tests to explore the soil-structure interface of model piles created using 3D printing techniques. Paper presented at the 21st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14-19 Jun 2026, Vienna, Austria.

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El Halabi, N., Rahman, E. ORCID: 0000-0001-7238-1859, Rahal, M. , Powner, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-4913-1004 & Triantis, I. ORCID: 0000-0002-8900-781Xview all authors (2026). Optimized Regression Modeling for Predicting Electrical Resistance in 3D Structures. In: 2025 37th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM). 2025 International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM), 14-17 Dec 2025, Cairo, Egypt. doi: 10.1109/icm66518.2025.11322441

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Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159, Xiang, W., Qian, K. & Liu, W.view all authors (2026). Study on Failure Mechanism and Dynamic Response of RC Shear Wall in Tall Buildings under Impact Load. Journal of Structural Engineering, 152(1), article number 04025226. doi: 10.1061/jsendh.steng-15096

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Gao, S., Xu, J., Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 , Huang, Z., Demonceau, J. F. & Yang, J.view all authors (2026). Mechanistic-data-driven modeling of multi-material composite columns: Toward intelligent lightweight design. Engineering Structures, 352, article number 122134. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122134

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Hassani, V., Barzamini, R., Masdari, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-1159-2406 , Zhao, P., Ghavami, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-0772-7726 & Saki, S.view all authors (2026). Damping Coefficients Estimation in Regenerative Shock Absorbers Using a Recommender System. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 631, article number 119734. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2026.119734

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Jammee, R., Jitpratak, P., Panda, A. , Uerchuchai, P. ORCID: 0009-0004-0716-9279, Trakarnvanich, P., Pathak, A. K. ORCID: 0000-0002-1656-3428 & Viphavakit, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-4176-3341view all authors (2026). Surface functionalization of optical fibers with PDDA-stabilized AuNPs for enhanced interfacial stability in sensing applications. Results in Engineering, 29, article number 108664. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108664

Jayaweera, N., Prabasha, K., Fernando, C. , Herath, S., Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979 & Meddage, D. P. P.view all authors (2026). Material-Efficient 2D Skeletal Structure Design Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Materials Today Communications, 50, article number 114400. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.114400

Jebelli, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-7090-2240, Ebrahimi, A. & Masdari, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-1159-2406 (2026). Amplified energy harvesting from coupled vortex and wake-induced vibrations in tandem cylinder-plate systems. Energy, 355, article number 141248. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.141248

Justino Vaz, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-2367-0360, Karathanassis, I. K. ORCID: 0000-0001-9025-2866, Gavaises, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0874-8534 & Mouokue, G.view all authors (2026). Data-driven prediction of spray macroscopic characteristics for marine injectors using neural networks. Fuel, 405(D), article number 136736. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136736

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Karimpour, P. (2026). In-vitro optical assessment of arterial stiffness: custom femoral phantoms, blood-pressure state protocols, and multimodal PPG—LDF integration. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City St. George’s, University of London)

Keshtkar, H. ORCID: 0000-0002-5886-4886, Kovacevic, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-8732-2242 & Stosic, N. ORCID: 0000-0001-8034-4046 (2026). Effects of Clearance Variation upon the Contact of Screw Compressor Rotors. In: 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems. 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems, 8th - 15th September, City St George's, University of London, United Kingdom. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-04102-9_6

Khalil, S. ORCID: 0009-0009-5163-1068, Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0003-0481-6341 & Aouf, N. ORCID: 0000-0001-9291-4077 (2026). Hybrid deep learning based monocular pose estimation for autonomous space docking operations. Acta Astronautica, 238(Part B), pp. 612-629. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.10.010

Khani Aminjan, K., Strasser, W., Marami Milani, S. , Gavaises, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0874-8534 & Zuorro, A.view all authors (2026). Experimental investigation on spray morphology in dual pitch spiral nozzle. Scientific Reports, 16, article number 8577. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39550-z

Kodama, H. ORCID: 0009-0005-3970-0770, May, J.M. ORCID: 0000-0002-8659-756X, Nikkhah, D. & Kyriacou, P. A. ORCID: 0000-0002-2868-485Xview all authors (2026). A multipurpose flowing vascular phantom for microsurgical training and flap-monitoring research. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 117, pp. 207-209. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2026.04.036

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Lacevic, H. ORCID: 0009-0000-5674-9457, Kovacevic, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-8732-2242, Rane, S. ORCID: 0009-0002-2153-0783 & Read, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-7753-2457view all authors (2026). Geometry and Performance Modelling of Internally Geared Screw Machines with Comparison to Conventional Twin Screw Compressor. Results in Engineering, 29, article number 108793. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108793

Lacevic, H., Kovacevic, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-8732-2242, Read, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-7753-2457 & Ponnusami, S. A.view all authors (2026). Rotor Profile Design for Internally Geared Screw Machines Using Deep Neural Network. In: 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems. 14th International Conference on Compressors and Their Systems, 8th - 15th September, City St George's, University of London, United Kingdom. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-04102-9_26

Le, B. ORCID: 0000-0001-7760-4134, Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115, Davies, M. & Nguyen, T.view all authors (2026). Short-term surface settlements induced by EPBM twin tunnelling in saturated sandy soils. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 171, article number 107482. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107482

Le, B. ORCID: 0000-0001-7760-4134, Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115, Taylor, N. ORCID: 0000-0002-8103-0433 & Standing, J. R.view all authors (2026). Building response to tunnelling in sandy soil of the Line 1 Ben Thanh - Suoi Tien. Paper presented at the The 6th International Conference on Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, 26-27 Nov 2026, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Li, Y., Cao, F., Yan, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-8968-6616 , Li, D. & Shi, H.view all authors (2026). Experimental study of a segmented-buoy wave energy converter integrated with a monopile-based offshore wind turbine. Energy, 346(346), article number 140210. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140210

Li, Y., Cao, F., Yan, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-8968-6616 , Shi, H., Wang, T., Teng, B. & Shi, H.view all authors (2026). Comparative experimental study of torus and segmented-buoy wave energy converters integrated with a monopile-supported offshore wind turbine. Ocean Engineering, 348, article number 124065. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.124065

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Ma, Z., Zhang, H., Li, M. , Yuan, Y., Li, Y., Ji, Y., Huang, B., Yan, Z., Fonseca, J. ORCID: 0000-0002-7654-6005 & Zhang, H.view all authors (2026). In-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging and quantitative analysis of grain dynamics in semi-solid metal under shear flow. Scripta Materialia, article number 117423. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2026.117423

Majebi, S. (2026). Sustainability Assessment of Biomass Utilisation for Distributed Energy Systems in Nigeria. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City St George's, University of London)

Martinez, Q., Jagadeesh, C., Manolesos, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-5506-6061 & Omidyeganeh, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-4140-2810view all authors (2026). Leading-edge vortex monitoring in dynamically stalled flows via persistent homology. Computers & Fluids, 306, article number 106931. doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2025.106931

Martinez, Q., Omidyeganeh, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-4140-2810, Jagadeesh, C. & Manolesos, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-5506-6061view all authors (2026). Transient development of the leading-edge vortex and its role in unsteady aerodynamic load variations. Physics of Fluids, 38(1), article number 017139. doi: 10.1063/5.0310207

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Nazar, Y. Z., Askari, R. & Masdari, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-1159-2406 (2026). Enhancement of Aerodynamic Efficiency in a Commercial Propeller Through Bio-inspired Blade Design. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 37(03), article number 2550080. doi: 10.1142/s0129183125500809

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Pantazopoulou, S. (2026). Analysis and Synthesis of second-order descriptor systems in continuous and discrete-time. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City St George's, University of London)

Psyrras, G., Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979 & Lawson, R. M. (2026). Enhanced Radial Stress Method (RSM) for cellular beams in EN 1993-1-13 to account for elasto-plastic behaviour. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 239, article number 110221. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110221

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Qian, K., Xiao, P., Lan, X. , Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 & Li, Z.view all authors (2026). Behavior of two-storey welded steel frames strengthened with external prestressed strands. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 239, article number 110236. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2026.110236

Qin, J-G., Lu, S-Y., Zhang, W-W. , Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 & Qian, K.view all authors (2026). Study on progressive collapse resistance of steel beam-column structures with column tree connection under edge column failure. Engineering Structures, 352, article number 122055. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.122055

Quiroz, M. E. ORCID: 0009-0007-2582-6860, Kuncham, E., Ponnusami, S. A. & Bravo-Haro, M. A. ORCID: 0000-0003-0757-777Xview all authors (2026). Data‐Driven Damage Detection on a Temperature‐Varying Turbine Blade Using Multiple Sensor Modalities. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2026(1), article number 7943746. doi: 10.1155/stc/7943746

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Rabie, M., Almutairi, F. F., Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979 & Shaaban, I. G.view all authors (2026). Machine Learning-Driven Capacity Design and Embodied Carbon Reduction Optimization in Composite Reduced Web Section (RWS) Connections. Advances in Engineering Software, 217, article number 104145. doi: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2026.104145

Rahimzadeh Abdi, A. M., Vakilipour, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-6722-4258 & Al-Zaili, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-4072-2107 (2026). Molecular dynamics simulation study on thermophysical properties of carbon nanotube-enhanced lithium fluoride as a high-temperature phase change material. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 255(Part 2), article number 127877. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127877

Rodrigues, G. A. P., Serrano, A. L. M., Filho, G. P. R. , Bonacin, R., Gonçalves, V. P., Rajarajan, M. ORCID: 0000-0001-5814-9922 & Meneguette, R. I.view all authors (2026). Quantifying Color and Distortion Biases in the NCT-CRC-HE-100K Histopathology Dataset. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, 32(1), pp. 1317-1330. doi: 10.5753/jbcs.2026.7045

Rosales-Reina, B., Whittaker, N., Elosúa, C. , Reinoso, S., Sun, T. ORCID: 0000-0003-3861-8933, Grattan, K. T. V. ORCID: 0000-0003-2250-3832 & Garrido, J. J.view all authors (2026). Development of Doped Hybrid Xerogels as Optical Fibre Sensors for Environmental pH Monitoring. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 44(7), doi: 10.1109/jlt.2025.3649966

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Sahu, R., Harursampath, D., Banerjee, J. R. & Ponnusami, S. A. ORCID: 0000-0002-2143-8971view all authors (2026). Asymptotically-correct modified strain gradient modelling of micro and nano beams. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, doi: 10.1177/10812865261417688

Sanchez-Gamero, S., Edelbauer, W., Fink, C. , Janiga, G. & Gavaises, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0874-8534view all authors (2026). Simulation of PEM Fuel Cell Shutdown Purging Using VOFbased Workflow. Fuel Cells, 26(2), article number e70059. doi: 10.1002/fuce.70059

Sarfarazi, S., Shamass, R., Rabi, M. , Abarkan, I., Ferreira, F. P. V. & Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979view all authors (2026). Inverse Machine Learning for the Design of Perforated Beams: Parent Section and Material Prediction. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 164(Part A), article number 113275. doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113275

Shamekhi Amiri, S., Al-Zaili, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-4072-2107 & Sayma, A. I. (2026). Development and Validation of a Transient Electro-Thermo- Mechanical Model for Parabolic Dish Micro Gas Turbines. Energies, 19(5), article number 1188. doi: 10.3390/en19051188

Shields, P. ORCID: 0009-0004-7998-8820, Roy, R., Khan, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-5589-6914 , Grattan, K. T. V. ORCID: 0000-0003-2250-3832, Read, A. & Ottaway, S.view all authors (2026). Debate: Social value and social deprivation. Public Money & Management, 46(3), pp. 260-262. doi: 10.1080/09540962.2025.2594564

Shields, P., Roy, R. ORCID: 0000-0001-5491-7437, Khan, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-5589-6914 , Read, A. & Ottaway, S.view all authors (2026). Social Value – Are We Measuring Up?. Public Money & Management, 46(3), pp. 335-340. doi: 10.1080/09540962.2025.2539355

Stallebrass, S. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3747-9524, Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115 & Kirubagaran, A. (2026). Characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of layered clay sedimented using a geotechnical centrifuge. Paper presented at the 21st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14-19 Jun 2026, Vienna, Austria.

Sun, Y. ORCID: 0000-0002-6012-6284, Borozan, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-2905-1050, El Samad, T. ORCID: 0000-0003-1590-9885 , Wang, G. & Strbac, G.view all authors (2026). Cost-effective power system expansion planning under uncertainty considering fast EV charging stations with integrated energy storage support. Electric Power Systems Research, 259, article number 113201. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113201

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Tajudin, M. F. M., Ahmad, A. H., Alias, J. , Alang, N. A. & Naher, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-2047-5807view all authors (2026). Microstructural Evolution of Al-Si Alloys with Varying Magnesium Content Prepared by Direct Thermal Method. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, doi: 10.1007/s13632-026-01328-0

Tajudin, M. F. M., Ahmad, A. H., Alias, J. , Maarof, M. R. & Naher, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-2047-5807view all authors (2026). Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Direct Thermal Method Parameters of Al-Si Alloys with Mg Addition. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, doi: 10.1007/s11665-026-13905-z

Tsavdaridis, K. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979, Cordar, D. A. & Lawson, R. M. (2026). Design Method for Transverse Load Resistance of Web-Posts in Cellular Beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 236(Part A), article number 109994. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.109994

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Ucur, M., Divall, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5115, Stallebrass, S. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3747-9524 , Taylor, N. ORCID: 0000-0002-8103-0433, Davies, M. C. R. & McNamara, A. M. ORCID: 0000-0002-3452-0800view all authors (2026). Short-term structural response of a model shaft linear as a baseline to inform a simulated shaft breakout in clay. Paper presented at the 21st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14-19 Jun 2026, Vienna, Austria.

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Vijayananth, K., Pudhupalayam Muthukutti, G. & Naher, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-2047-5807 (2026). Enhancing hydrogen storage in Mg alloys: Role of alloying, reinforcements, and severe plastic deformation techniques. Next Materials, 11, article number 101741. doi: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101741

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Wei, B., Xiao, P., Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 & Li, Z.view all authors (2026). Dynamic behaviour of RC flat slabs under instantaneous column removal. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 179(5), pp. 555-571. doi: 10.1680/jstbu.25.00199

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Yang, Y-F. & Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 (2026). Structural performance of rectangular CFST slender columns under axial partial compression. Engineering Structures, 360, article number 122836. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122836

Youssef, H., Fabian, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-9192-4254, Khanafer, M. , Naher, S., Grattan, K. T. V. ORCID: 0000-0003-2250-3832 & Sun, T.view all authors (2026). Machine Learning Models for Analyzing FBG Pressure Sensor Data in Monitoring Leak in Water Pipeline. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, doi: 10.1109/jiot.2026.3679428

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Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Fu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-9176-8159 , Gao, S. & Niu, X.view all authors (2026). Mechanism and control method of anti-collapse resistance of novel bolted endplate joints. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 237(Part B), article number 110142. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.110142

Zonta, J. B., Ferreira, F. P. V., Rossi, A. & Tsavdaridis, K. D. ORCID: 0000-0001-8349-3979view all authors (2026). Stability of steel-concrete composite beams with elliptically-based web openings under hogging moments. Structures, 86, article number 111256. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2026.111256