City Research Online

Article

Brodeur, A. ORCID: 0000-0003-3980-4324, Valenta, D. ORCID: 0009-0003-7179-4792, Marcoci, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-5780-0805 , Aparicio, J. P. ORCID: 0000-0001-5887-2440, Mikola, D., Barbarioli, B. ORCID: 0000-0001-7438-5634, Alexander, R. ORCID: 0000-0003-1279-0700, Deer, L. ORCID: 0000-0001-8646-6095, Stafford, T. ORCID: 0000-0002-8089-9479, Vilhuber, L. ORCID: 0000-0001-5733-8932, Bensch, G. ORCID: 0000-0001-7964-7533, Motoki, F. ORCID: 0000-0001-7464-3330, Abdelhady, M. ORCID: 0009-0006-4079-6885, Abdelmoula, Y., Baki, G. A. ORCID: 0000-0002-6791-8655, Aguirre, T., Aiyer, S., Akhtar, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-7432-9536, Akhtar, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-2254-7117, Albada, M. R. ORCID: 0009-0009-6469-5837, Altman, M., Angenendt, D. ORCID: 0000-0001-9583-6289, Arjmandi Lari, Z. ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-5959, De León Tejada, J. A., Arana, D. R. ORCID: 0009-0008-8901-5167, Asanov, I. ORCID: 0000-0002-8091-4130, Noha, A-M. ORCID: 0000-0003-3080-4213, Ashong, R. ORCID: 0009-0005-3637-4869, Auer, T., Bahamonde-Birke, F. J., Baker, B. J. ORCID: 0000-0002-1697-4198, Bartram, S. M., Bao, D., Batinovic, L., Batistoni, T. ORCID: 0009-0008-7375-0191, Beeder, M. ORCID: 0000-0001-9661-4936, Beland, L-P. ORCID: 0000-0001-7458-4641, Gero Bienz, C. ORCID: 0009-0000-3948-4995, Aryanto, C. B. ORCID: 0000-0001-6347-2505, Bolibaugh, C. ORCID: 0000-0001-7500-264X, Bonander, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-1189-9950, Bravo, R. ORCID: 0009-0000-7399-1448, Bronnikov, E., Bruns, S., Buliskeria, N. ORCID: 0000-0001-6708-8519, Caicedo-Silva, S., Calef, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-7045-2622, Sebastian Cano Arias, J., A. Castillo Alvarez, G., Caulker, S., Cepenas, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-5187-2461, Chatton, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-0018-5899, Chen, Z. ORCID: 0000-0003-1275-6860, Chioma Ewurum, N., Ciocîrlan, A-B. ORCID: 0009-0002-7409-0574, Clouth, F. J., Collins, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-3073-6070, Cook, N., Cornejo, C. ORCID: 0009-0006-1042-8838, Craveiro, J., Créchet, J., Cui, J. ORCID: 0009-0003-6350-2913, Chalil Vayalabron, N., Czymara, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-9535-3559, Bermúdez Jaramillo, C. D., Datta, H., Denoo, L. ORCID: 0000-0003-0044-4077, Dhaliwal, A., Dhameja, N. ORCID: 0009-0009-4585-3107, Djemai, E., Dujeancourt, E. ORCID: 0000-0001-5872-7630, Dündar, U. ORCID: 0000-0001-9246-1717, Duprey, T. ORCID: 0000-0002-0864-8149, Eissa, Y. ORCID: 0000-0001-8539-7956, El Fassi, Y., El Fassi, I. ORCID: 0009-0000-5883-9667, Ellis, K., Elminejad, A. ORCID: 0000-0003-0829-5184, Elsherif, M., Emirmahmutoglu, A., Etingin-Frati, G. ORCID: 0009-0003-8201-9169, Eze, E., Dollbaum, J. F. ORCID: 0000-0003-4516-1273, Feld, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-3816-6607, Felipe Rengifo Jaramillo, A. ORCID: 0009-0002-8355-3913, Fenig, G., Fernandes, V., Fiala, L. ORCID: 0000-0003-0216-7050, Fink, L. ORCID: 0009-0002-8786-0988, Firouzjaeiangalougah, M. ORCID: 0009-0002-9989-7884, Fish, S., Fitzgerald, J., Forshaw, R. ORCID: 0000-0001-6396-485X, Fortier-Chouinard, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-6282-9709, Fréget, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4216-5781, Frese, J. ORCID: 0000-0002-5871-997X, Gabani, J. ORCID: 0000-0001-7461-7300, Gallegos, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-0437-3982, Gamill, M. C. ORCID: 0009-0007-3250-5299, Gáspár, A. ORCID: 0000-0001-7247-6997, Gauriot, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-7633-7086, Gavrilova, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-9349-5422, Geraldes, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-5211-673X, Cantone, G. G. ORCID: 0000-0001-7149-5213, Gibson, G. ORCID: 0000-0003-0750-3850, Goldschmitt, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-6754-9749, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Gregor de Varda, A., Grigoryeva, I. ORCID: 0000-0003-3657-0526, Gugushvili, A. ORCID: 0000-0002-3933-9111, Fletcher, A. H. A., Habermann, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1982-6796, Hablicsek, M., Haddad, J. ORCID: 0000-0002-9829-8815, Hall, J. D., Hammar, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-2341-3751, Hassouneh, M., Hausladen, C. I. ORCID: 0000-0003-4397-2339, Hendrikse, S. C. F., Hepplewhite, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-0436-578X, Ho, A. T. Y. ORCID: 0000-0002-1772-2320, Hogan-Hennessy, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-4238-2396, Howley, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3868-2516, Huang, G. ORCID: 0000-0001-6542-1656, Hulstaert, H. ORCID: 0009-0008-3055-5070, Ilchovska, Z. G., Jaimes Santamaria, P. ORCID: 0009-0005-4436-4740, Jakobsson, N. ORCID: 0000-0002-7143-8793, Jansson, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-1942-552X, Jarosz, E., Jebeli, H. ORCID: 0009-0006-9232-3158, Jiang, Y. ORCID: 0009-0000-4552-7621, Junaid, H. ORCID: 0009-0001-8930-2093, Kalluraya, R., Karim, S., Kelly, E., Kimel, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2437-3245, Kingsuwankul, S., Klotzbücher, V. ORCID: 0000-0001-9382-6757, Krähmer, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-4100-5372, Krūminas, P. ORCID: 0000-0001-5599-0900, Kruus, N. ORCID: 0009-0006-1435-9331, Kujansuu, E., Kurz, C. F., Küster, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-5858-2221, Lee-Whiting, B. ORCID: 0000-0001-7625-3109, Lewandowski, F. ORCID: 0000-0001-6525-9791, Li, T., Li, R., Liu, D. ORCID: 0009-0009-4999-6383, Liu, J. ORCID: 0000-0001-5182-9079, Lo, H. ORCID: 0000-0003-1702-3711, Loter, K., Macedo Dias, F., Madan, C. R. ORCID: 0000-0003-3228-6501, Mäder, N. ORCID: 0000-0002-2488-8732, Mandas, M. ORCID: 0009-0007-1944-3919, Mantilla, C., Marcus, J. ORCID: 0000-0001-9407-6660, Marino Fages, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-6233-2292, Martin, X., McWay, R. ORCID: 0000-0003-4492-7804, Medina-Gaspar, D. ORCID: 0009-0004-4958-1472, Meng, S., Meng, L. ORCID: 0009-0000-8112-9110, Merz, S. ORCID: 0009-0001-9564-556X, Miller, A. P. ORCID: 0000-0003-3535-2578, Mirabel, T. ORCID: 0000-0003-3716-2591, Mishra, D. D., Mishra, S. ORCID: 0000-0003-2287-1176, Moges, B. W. ORCID: 0000-0002-2235-7321, Mohandes Mojarrad, M., Mohnen, M., Morin, L-P. ORCID: 0000-0002-9204-1277, Muehlenbachs, L., Mullin, G. ORCID: 0009-0008-9009-0754, Musulan, A. ORCID: 0009-0002-2964-6414, Muzzì, S., Myers, J. A. C., Neubauer, F. ORCID: 0000-0001-7134-3439, Nguyen, T. ORCID: 0000-0003-3495-178X, Niazi, A., Nordstrom, A., Nowak, B. ORCID: 0000-0002-2949-5452, O’Habib, D., Ölkers, T. ORCID: 0000-0002-8399-3962, Ong, J., Orozco Castiblanco, V., Özak, Ö. ORCID: 0000-0001-6421-2801, Ozkes, A. I. ORCID: 0000-0002-8720-2494, Paaso, M., Pandey, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-5591-8551, Papazoglou, V. ORCID: 0009-0006-6162-4644, Penheiro, R. ORCID: 0000-0001-5267-9121, Pham, L., Phieler, U. ORCID: 0009-0002-6782-148X, Pütz, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-2948-0189, Qi, Q. ORCID: 0000-0003-4392-1136, Qiu, J. ORCID: 0000-0002-9919-6079, Rein, M. T. ORCID: 0000-0002-7185-7998, Reinstein, D. A., Repo, J. ORCID: 0000-0001-8756-6936, Rudolf, N., Saha, S., Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Saponaro, C. ORCID: 0009-0009-6135-5001, Sator, G., Schoenmakers, M. ORCID: 0000-0003-3338-3565, Seri, R. ORCID: 0000-0003-1646-3547, Shah, M., Sibille, P., Siemroth, C., Skavysh, V. ORCID: 0000-0002-1856-2963, Slater, B., Song, W., Staubli, S., Steindl, T. ORCID: 0000-0003-0767-6970, Waongo, N. S., Stott, P. ORCID: 0000-0003-0023-984X, Strobel, S., Sudhaharan, R., Sun, P. ORCID: 0009-0009-9935-8814, Swain, S. D. ORCID: 0000-0001-5967-2109, Talavera, O., Tantiangco, H. M. ORCID: 0000-0002-8699-6579, Tarasenko, G. ORCID: 0000-0002-5677-6786, Tarlinton, B. ORCID: 0000-0002-4146-7083, Tarraf, M., Teoh, K., Thériault, R. ORCID: 0000-0003-4315-6788, Thompson, B., Tian, T., Tian, W., Tolani, E. ORCID: 0000-0001-6084-1192, Borgen, N. ORCID: 0000-0002-7638-3293, Topstad Borgen, S. ORCID: 0000-0002-4852-3332, Torralba, J., Velez-Ospina, C., Mak, M. W. ORCID: 0009-0004-3340-2871, Wallrich, L., Wang, Z., Ward, L., Webb, M. D. ORCID: 0000-0003-4682-2862, Webb, D., Weber, B. S. ORCID: 0000-0003-1806-4451, Weber, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-7998-3702, Weng, W-C. ORCID: 0009-0006-4780-4737, Westheide, C., Wilkinson, T. ORCID: 0009-0001-0857-7029, Wong, K-Y. ORCID: 0009-0008-9048-1659, Wroński, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-3146-601X, Wu, Z., Wu, Q. ORCID: 0009-0004-9728-9361, Wu, V. Y. ORCID: 0000-0003-4548-9826, Xiao, B. ORCID: 0009-0006-1951-7458, Xu, F. ORCID: 0000-0002-6211-7234, Xu, C., Yadav, P. ORCID: 0009-0007-3439-3075, Yang Chou, Y. ORCID: 0009-0002-3988-0917, Yap, L., Yazbeck, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-4378-6117, Yao, B., Zagrodzka, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8640-414X, Zahra, T. ORCID: 0009-0007-1288-5378, Zaneva, M., Zhang, X., Zhao, Z., Zhong, H., Zirgulis, A., Zou, J., Zoutman, F. & Zozoungbo, C.view all authors (2026). AI-assisted teams outperform AI-led teams but not human-only teams in assessing research reproducibility in quantitative social science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 123(22), article number e2524747123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2524747123

Eichengreen, B. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2026). Cultural Stereotypes of Multinational Banks. Journal of the European Economic Association, 24(2), pp. 567-609. doi: 10.1093/jeea/jvaf032

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Ji, Y. & Minaudier, C. (2026). Political Accountability during Crises: Evidence from 40 years of Financial Policies. International Economic Review,

Eichengreen, B., Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 & Aksoy, C. (2024). The Political Scar of Epidemics. The Economic Journal, 134(660), pp. 1683-1700. doi: 10.1093/ej/uead103

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Eichengreen, B. & Aksoy, C. G. (2022). Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 54(7), pp. 1913-1940. doi: 10.1111/jmcb.12945

Aksoy, C., Eichengreen, B. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2022). COVID-19 and Trust Among the Young. Finance and Development, 59(2),

Bircan, Ç. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2021). Lending Cycles and Real Outcomes: Costs of Political Misalignment. The Economic Journal, 131(639), pp. 2763-2796. doi: 10.1093/ej/ueab020

Eichengreen, B., Aksoy, C. G. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2021). Revenge of the experts: Will COVID-19 renew or diminish public trust in science?. Journal of Public Economics, 193, article number 104343. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104343

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2020). Domestic Banks As Lightning Rods? Home Bias and Information during the Eurozone Crisis. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 52(S1), pp. 273-305. doi: 10.1111/jmcb.12744

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Fuertes, A-M. ORCID: 0000-0001-6468-9845 & Kalotychou, E. (2015). ECB policy and Eurozone fragility: Was De Grauwe right?. Journal of International Money and Finance, 54, pp. 168-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2015.03.002

Fuertes, A-M. ORCID: 0000-0001-6468-9845, Kalotychou, E. & Saka, O. (2015). How did the ECB save the Eurozone without spending a single euro?. VOX, CEPR’s Policy Portal,

Book Section

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Campos, N., De Grauwe, P. , Ji, Y. & Martelli, A.view all authors (2020). Financial crises and liberalization: Progress or reversals? In: Economic Growth and Structural Reforms in Europe. (pp. 177-213). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108782517.009

Bircan, C. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2019). Elections and Economic Cycles: What Can We Learn from the Recent Turkish Experience? In: Crony Capitalism in the Middle East: Business and Politics from Liberalization to the Arab Spring. . Oxford University Press.

Monograph

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Ji, Y. & Minaudier, C. ORCID: 0000-0001-8067-888X (2024). Political Accountability during Crises: Evidence from 40 years of Financial Policies (24/01). London, UK: Department of Economics, City, University of London.

Eichengreen, B. & Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309 (2022). Cultural Stereotypes of Multinational Banks (10.2139/ssrn.4293623). London, UK: Elsevier BV.

Saka, O. ORCID: 0000-0002-1822-1309, Eichengreen, B. & Aksoy, C. G. (2021). Epidemic Exposure, Financial Technology, and the Digital Divide (21/03). London, UK: Department of Economics, City, University of London.

Thesis

Saka, O. (2017). Essays on Sovereign Risk and Banking. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City, University of London)